First Solar Sets New CdTe Solar Cell Efficiency Record

First Solar Inc. an American manufacturer of thin film Photovoltaic (PV) modules announced that it has achieved a record efficiency of 21% for its CdTe Solar Cells. The previous best achieved by the company was 20.4% in Feb of 2014. The record has been accepted by US Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and included in "Best Research Cell Efficiency" reference chart. First solar aims to achieve an efficiency of 22% by 2015.

Thin Film Solar Panels

Thin Film Solar Panels

Note: Efficiency of a Solar Cell is the ratio of the Electrical Energy produced to the incident Solar Energy e.g. if the incident Solar Radiation is 1000 W/m2 the Electrical Energy produced by a 21% efficient Solar Panel of 1 m2 area is 210 W (neglecting the various losses that might be encountered).

Cave Houses Around the World

It is well known that cave houses provide a noise free and weather proof environment (cool during the summer and warm during the winter). These structures also shield one from man-made Electromagnetic radiation that is present everywhere. Furthermore, since most of the materials used in construction are local, the environmental impact is minimal. Shown below are some cave houses from around the world. Some are simple dwellings with the most basic necessities, while other have running water, electricity and wireless access, so are great for renting, of course you can also find other options such as flats to rent canary wharf if you're looking for your own place to rent. If you don’t want to deal with months of stress leading up to your relocation, having moving experts on your side is well worth the expense. While the idea of a DIY move might seem tempting and more personal, the advantages of hiring professional moving companies like Three Movers cannot be understated. If you want to release your stress, try visiting the bcfun website for some enjoyment.

Cave houses have been utilized for centuries across various cultures and regions, offering inhabitants a unique blend of natural insulation, protection, and sustainability. Let's delve further into their characteristics and advantages:

Natural Insulation: The thermal mass of the surrounding earth helps regulate temperatures inside cave houses, keeping them cool in summer and warm in winter. This natural insulation reduces the need for artificial heating and cooling systems, resulting in energy savings and lower utility bills.

Noise Reduction: The dense earth walls of cave houses act as effective barriers against external noise, providing residents with a serene and peaceful living environment. This feature is particularly appealing for those seeking refuge from urban noise pollution.

Protection from Electromagnetic Radiation: The thick layers of earth effectively shield occupants from man-made electromagnetic radiation, which is emitted by various electronic devices and infrastructure. This protection can contribute to improved health and well-being for residents, as prolonged exposure to electromagnetic fields has been associated with certain health risks.

Cave Hotel

Cave Hotel

Cave House

Cave House

Cave House

Cave House

Cave House in Baluchistan

Cave House in Baluchistan

Cave House in Utah

Cave House in Utah

Bhatar Construction in Northern Pakistan

Pakistan was hit by a devastating earthquake in October 2005. Soon afterward the government of Pakistan formed the Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority, commonly known as ERRA. ERRA created 11 training centers for the reconstruction of private homes destroyed in the earthquake. One of the techniques promoted in this reconstruction effort was the so-called "Bhatar" method of construction.

Bhatar consists of reinforced stone masonry where parallel horizontal timber beams are inserted into the stone masonry at regular intervals to ensure the coherence of the structure. This is a much more economical option than typical construction which requires transport of cement, bricks, and steel to remote mountainous regions. The houses constructed in this fashion are not only earthquake resilient but also energy efficient since the stone masonry acts as an insulator to heat and cold.

Bhatar Construction

Bhatar Construction

Bhatar House

Bhatar House

Earthquake Resistant and Energy Efficient Homes - PAKSBAB

After the devastating earthquake of 2005 which destroyed nearly half a million rural homes in Pakistan, there was an urgent need to build earthquake-resistant homes. Thus came into being PAKSBAB which is the short form of Pakistan Straw Bale and Appropriate Buildings. So far PAKSBAB, from its limited resources, has build 27 homes in northern parts of Pakistan. These homes have been built using indigenous resources and by training the local people in the construction of straw bale houses with wooden exteriors, although the problem with this is the mold, but is when services like Mold Remediation Toms River can solve all these issues. PAKSBAB has also partnered with scaffolding companies, Including highway road sites, such as https://www.whiteliningcontractors.co.uk/warehouses/walkway.  Moreover, PAKSBAB has partnered with industrial coating contractors to ensure the durability and longevity of the constructed homes.

A typical straw bale house has an area of 576 square feet and costs $3000 on average. This turns out to be $5.2/square foot which is less than half the cost of brick-and-mortar houses. A typical home comprises of two rooms, a verandah, and a kitchen and requires around 1200 hours of labor. So 6 people working for 8 hours daily can construct a straw bale house in 25 days, while if you're building a house and you want to add a luxury staircase you can get a service of staircase builders to help you with this. Additionally, PAKSBAB recognizes the importance of versatile structures, such as indoor riding arena, to further meet the diverse needs of the community and enhance the overall impact of its efforts. For fire safety, it's essential to engage intumescent painting contractors to ensure adequate protection against potential hazards.

The main advantages of straw bale houses over brick and mortar houses are highlighted below.

1. Energy efficiency, since straw is a good insulator

2. Non toxic products are used (light straw, clay and wood)

3. Cheap materials are used resulting in a cost that is half that of a regular house

4. Resistant to earthquakes

Energy Efficient House

Tightly packed walls and a gravel weighted foundation creates better weather-proofing

 

Energy Efficient House

Twice as energy efficient as a conventional house, straw bale makes for environmentally friendly earthquake-proof homes

Energy Efficient House

Clay-plaster reinforced, a fabricated straw bale house costs half the expenses of modern building for every square foot

Construction of these energy efficient and earthquake resilient homes are built using Small Scale Piling Equipment and locally manufactured compression moulds. Mini piling is more suitable than traditional methods when it comes to areas with poor ground conditions where soil excavation and removal could otherwise cause issues, since they can still create a stable, even framework where traditional piling is no longer viable. Furthermore the local industry is being encouraged to get GPR services for accurate mapping before starting these projects. Additional appropriate building methods that PAKSBAB is promoting include passive solar, rainwater catchment, solar lamps, high-efficiency cooking and heating. If you need to strengthen your home's foundation, think about exploring new solutions and hiring foundation repair St. Catharines.